Boeing
Boeing is one of the main manufacturers of aeroplanes and aerospace teams of the world. His complete name is The Boeing Company and his central headquarters find in the city of Chicago. The main factories are situated in Seattle, in the state of Washington.
History
The company, initially call “B&W”, was founded by William Edward Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt in 1916. Al following year already purchased the name of “Boeing Airplane Company”. William And. Boeing had studied in the university of Yale and worked initially in the sector of the wood, where turned into a man acaudalado, and where purchased knowledges on wooden structures that later would result him of utility for the building of aeroplanes. The company founded in an old granary done wooden that was designated the “red granary” (Network Barn), in the actuality know like building No.105 and it forms part of the museum of the flight in Seattle.
Boeing period between the World-wide Wars
In 1934 Boeing already was a very big company, and William And. Boeing opted for selling all his participations as a result of the law that had promulgado after the big depression, that forced to the companies of some dimension to divide in several smaller units and independent.
Shortly after the company established an agreement with the Bread American World Airways to develop and build a civil hydroplane, able to transport passengers in transoceanic routes and designed to use the water like track of landing. In June of 1938 the new aeroplane, designated Boeing 314 Clipper, realised his first flight. It was the main aeroplane of his period, in which had fit 90 passengers in flights of day and 40 in nocturnal flights. A year later inaugurated the first regular service between the coast this of the United States and England. From then they went establishing other routes of long scope with the Clipper, until Bread American had of flights to destinations all over the world.
Boeing in the Second World War
During the Second World War Boeing built a gigantic quantity of bombers. Many of his workers were women whose husbands had gone to the war. In March of 1944 the production had incrementado in such a way that each month manufactured 350 aeroplanes. For prevenir an attack from the air, the buildings of the factories were covered with vegetation and elements of the field to way of camuflaje. During the years of war, the main American companies manufacturers of aeroplanes collaborated closely, so that the bomber B-17 of Boeing was assembled also by Lockheed and by Douglas, whereas the B-29 Superfortress was assembled also by Bell and by Martin.
Finalizada The war were cancelled all the requests of bombers. The company did all the possible to generate new sales, for which manufactured the Stratocruiser, an aeroplane of passengers based in a military aeroplane. But because of the escado success of this model, Boeing had to look for other alternatives to surpass the crisis. It achieved it thanks to the sale of military aeroplanes for the transport of troops and like aeroplanes nodriza that allowed to other aeroplanes repostar in the air.
The engine of reaction
Around the middle of the years 50 the technology advanced significantly, which allowed to Boeing develop products totally new and innovative. One of the first was a missile teledirigido of short scope, designed to answer to attacks of aeroplanes enemies, afterwards used his knowledges of mísiles of short scope to develop an intercontinental missile.
In 1955 I create the first commercial aeroplane of reaction of the United States. Previously already they had appeared two aeroplanes of this type in Europe, the Comet in the United Kingdom, and the Caravelle, in France. With the new aeroplane, the B707, Boeing turned into the leader of the manufacturers of reactors for passengers. It treated of an aeroplane cuatrimotor with capacity for 156 passengers and destined to long routes. Shortly after it developed one second version of this aeroplane, the B720, for routes but short, and some years later appeared the B727, an aeroplane of similar capacity, but gifted of three engines, and conceived for half and short routes. This machine had immediately a received very positive by the aerial companies, by the pilot and by the passengers by his comfort and reliability. Although it left of manufactured 1984, to the beginning of the 21st century still found in service all over the world some 1.300 devices.
In 1967 the company create the model B737, that has turned into the aeroplane of passengers more sold in the history of the civil aviation. Treat of an aeroplane bimotor designed for short and half routes, with capacity for some 160 to 220 passengers, as the version and the configuration of seats. The B737 follows manufacturing and is object of continuous technological improvements. Also they have gone appearing additional variants, generally versions longer for a main capacity of passengers. Even it exists a B737 of businesses for big companies, the Boeing Business Jet.
Al begin the decade of the 70 Boeing had to enfrentarse to a new crisis. The space program Apollo, in which Boeing took part of important form, was cancelled almost entirely. Once again the company trusted can compensate the loss of sales with his commercial aeroplanes. Nevertheless, in that period the aerial companies of all the world crossed to his time a bad moment, so that Boeing did not receive neither an only asked of aeroplanes in all a year. His bet of future, the new model B747, derived of a project of strategic transport for the Army of the United States, was delaying in his manufacture and originated, besides, costs higher of the due. To all this added that the American Congress desestimó the financial support to the project of supersonic civil aeroplane of Boeing, the answer to the frank supersonic aeroplane-English Concorde, which forced to Boeing to abandon the development of an aeroplane in which already had invested a lot of money. At last, in 1970 the first copy of the new aeroplane B747, the famous “Jumbo”, was put in service, a cuatrimotor of long scope with capacity for 460 people, and with this the main commercial aeroplane of the history of the aviation. This aeroplane has had an extraordinary success from his apparition. In the distinct versions that have gone developing, follows being the only of these existent characteristics in the actuality and did not find any competitor until the apparition of the Airbus To380.
In 1983 the economic situation went back to improve, and with this the one of the aerial companies. Boeing delivered the exemplary number 1.000 of his B737. To measure that the traffic of passengers went in increase all over the world the competition between the manufacturers of aeroplanes toughened . Boeing had to enfrentarse also to a recently arrived, this time of Europe, than step to step was entering in the new market models of commercial aeroplanes, the consortium Airbus. This It forced to Boeing to develop to his new time aeroplanes, that were the Boeing 757, aeroplane of a central corridor for half routes, the Boeing 767, of wide cabin and two corridors, for half and long routes, and with licence for sobrevolar oceans in spite of being a bimotor.
In the space division Boeing took part in these years in the development and the manufacture of the lanzadera space, the Space Shuttle, taking advantage of his experience in the production of engines for missiles and in the program Apollo. Also it contributed with other products to the American space plan, as well as to the International Space Station of which turned into the main supplying. Simultaneously Boeing manufactured several military devices, as the helicopter of fight RAH-66 Comanche, the system of defence Avenger and a new generation of missiles of short scope.
In 1994 it entered his commercial aeroplane more recent, the Boeing 777, an aeroplane with capacity for 390 passengers and designed for long routes, endowed also of only two engines, but with licence for sobrevolar oceans. The Boeing 777 incorporates the newest technology, on line with the one of the aeroplanes developed by Airbus, and is having from his apparition an excellent received.
Two years later, in 1996, Boeing merged with Rockwell, an important aerospace manufacturer and of American defence. Rockwell Kept like an own business unit subsidiary of Boeing, with the name of Boeing North American Inc. Al following year Boeing absorbed another important aeronautical company, McDonnell Douglas, which lost his identity and remained integrated in the own Boeing. Of the civil aeroplanes of McDonnell Douglas, the MD 80 and his variant MD 90, that was entered in his day by Douglas and DC-9 and that has gone keeping his popularity through versions more modern and wide, is the only than Boeing follows manufacturing, with the current denomination B717.
After these two operations of fusion and absorption, in the world remain at present only three big manufacturers of aeroplanes of passengers above the 100 seats, Boeing, Airbus and Embraer. In 2003 the European competitor surpassed for the first time to his American rival in number of aeroplanes asked. The newest model than Boeing is developing to compete with Airbus is the B787 Dreamliner, the current bet of future of Boeing is the one of aeroplanes of low consumption and of costs of operation adjusted, and no the one of aeroplanes of a capacity of seats above the 500, or of supersonic aeroplanes.
Official web: Boeing
